1. L.S. Rao, A.K. Jha and S.N. Ojha, Solidification of Liquid of Liquid Distributed in its Primary Matrix phase of Al-10Cu-Fe alloy and their tribological characteristics, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 26, 2016, pp. 601–610.
2. L.S. Rao, A.K. Jha and S.N. Ojha, Tribology and surface topography of Al-10Cu-Fe alloy produced by Rheocasting process, Materials Research Express, 4(9), 2017, p.096505. 
3. L.S. Rao, A.K. Jha and S.N. Ojha, Microstructure and Tribological Characteristics of Strain Indcued Melt Activation (SIMA)Processed Al-10Cu-Fe alloy, International Journal of  Metal Casting, 2017,  pp1-20. 
4. L.S. Rao, K. Raju, A.K. Jha and S.N. Ojha, Microstructure and Tribological Characteristics of Al-10Cu-Fe alloy produced by Vertical Centrifugal Casting Process, Transaction of Indian Institute of Metals, 2018, pp 1-18.
5. K. Raju,N.Gopi Krishna, L.Sankara Rao, and S.N.Ojha, Microstructural Features and Wear Characteristics of Semi-Solid Processed A 356 Aluminium Alloy, Journal of Material Science and Technology Research, 2018,5,11-15
6. Chandra, Jishnu, L. Sankara Rao, and S. N. Ojha. "Effect of Dispersoid Volume and T6 Heat Treatment on the Tribological Behaviour of Spray-Formed 2014Al-SiC p Composites." Silicon (2021): 1-11.
7. Singh, A.K., Kumar, S., Mishra, B., Dishwar, R.K., Mandal, A.K., Rao, L.S. and Sinha, O.P., 2022. Direct reduction of fluxed iron ore pellets made from coarse iron ore particles. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, pp.1-8.
8. Mishra, B., Singh, A. K., Rao, L. S., & Mahobia, G. S. (2023). Reducibility and Kinetic Studies of Pellets made from a Novel Multimetallic Magnetite Ore. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 76(1), 77-86.

1. L. S. Rao, A. K. Jha and S. N. Ojha, “ Effect of Processing Techniques on the Microstructure and Tribological Characteristics of Al-10Cu-Fe alloy”, National Metallurgy Day and Annual Technical Meeting, Varanasi, November 12-15, 2014.
2. L. S. Rao, A. K. Jha and S. N. Ojha, “ Solidification of liquid distributed in its primary matrix phase of Al-10Cu-Fe alloy”, Institute day of Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University),Varanasi, February 25-26, 2017.
3. L. S. Rao, V.S.Reddy “ Jugaad used in Foundry Industries”, National Workshop on Juagaad in Manufacturing organized by Main Workshp, Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University),Varanasi, January 8-9, 2011.

MT 313 Metallurgical Practice-III- Lab Experiments Video lectures with demonstration Prepared and presented by Dr. Lakkoju Sankara Rao, Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT(BHU)

1.To study the commonly used raw materials in Iron and Steel Industry.

This video shows the tools used for Identification of different raw materials

Iron making & Steel making raw materials (Hematite, Magnetite, Limonite, Sinter, Pellets, HBI, Coke, Limestone), Ferro Alloys(Fe-Mn, Fe-Cr),  Nonferrous Metals and alloys, Fine Powders and Minerals and Ores 

PART 1 TOOLS USED FOR IDENTIFICATION & IDENTIFICATION OF MINERALS

PART 2 RAW MAERIALS USED IN IRON MAKING AND STEEL MAKING(13.55 TO 33.11)

PART 3 NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS

PART 4 FINE POWDER& MINERAL AND ORES

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1845

2.To study the apparent porosity, true porosity and voidage of the given raw materials (iron ore/coke/lime stone/fire bricks).

This video shows the procedure of finding true density of Lime stone powder, fire brick powder, Porosity of Lime stone and Fire brick, Bulk density of Iron ore, coke lime stone and fire brick.

PART 1 DETERMINATION OF TRUE POROSITY EXPLANATION(00:00 to 6:00)

PART 2 True Density of Limestone and Fire Brick Powder

PART 3 Porosity of Limestone and Fire clay 

PART 4 Bulk density of Iron ore, lime stone, fire bricks

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1846

3.To determine the angle of repose as affected by particle size, shape, surface condition and moisture content.

This video shows

(a)The determination of the angle of repose of Hard Coke of different sizes on wood and steel surface.

(b) The determination of the angle of repose of different raw materials of same size on wood and steel surface.

(c) The determination of the angle of repose of Iron ore (-6 +4mm) with moisture content (2%,4% & 6%) on steel surface.

PART 1 Introduction

PART 2 Angle of repose of Hard Coke of different sizes on wood and steel surface(

PART 3 Different Raw Materials of same size on Wood & Steel Surface

PART 4 Effect of moisture on iron ore(-6+4mm)

PART 5 Results & Discussions(-6+4mm)

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1847

4.To study the effect of particle size on the bulk density of the given raw materials. (iron ore//lime stone/fire bricks/coke)

PART 1 Introduction

PART 2 Bulk density of Limestone

PART 3 Bulk density of Iron Ore

PART 4 Bulk density of Coke

PART 5 Bulk density of Fire brick

PART 6 Results & Discussions

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1848

5.To study the effect of temperature on the viscosity of given oil sample and determine the flash point of the given sample.

(a) This video gives the details explanation of Viscometer and Flash point apparatus

(b)Importance of viscosity and flash point 

(c)Determination of viscosity of 2T and 4T oil

(d) Determination of flash point of Diesel

PART 1 Introduction to Viscometer and Flash point apparatus & their importance

PART 2 Determination of viscosity of 2T and 4T oil

PART 3 Determination of flash point of Diesel

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1849

6.To study the reduction and swelling behavior of iron ore pellets in the bed of coal/coke/graphite powder used as reductant.

To study the effect of reduction time on the degree of reduction (%R) and Reduction swelling (%S) of iron ore pellets reduced in a bed of reductant (e.g., Coal, Coke, Graphite etc.) at ~1000 °C

PART 1 Introduction & Experimental Procedure)

PART 2 Preparation of Samples

PART 3 Reduction in Furnace

PART 4 Results & Discussions

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1850

7.To study the defects in an ingot made of wax and naphthalene mixture

This video shows the preparation Ingot mould, melting and pouring of wax, Ingot examination, finding the pipe volume, taking the impression of pipe.

PART 1 Introduction

PART 2 Ingot Melting and Pouring

PART 3 Procedure

PART 4 Pipe Volume

PART 5 Cutting & seeing pipe

PART 6 Impression and Results

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1851

8& 9. To determine the crushing strength and drop strength of green iron ore pellets by varying % of bentonite (1, 2, 3, 4%) additives keeping 12% moisture and to determine the crushing strength and drop strength of green iron ore pellets by   varying   % of water addition (8, 9, 10, 12, 14  %) keeping 2%Na-based bentonite

PART 1 Introduction

PART 2 Pellet Preparation

PART 3 Drop Strength& Crushing Strength

PART 4 Crushing Strength & Drop Strength

PART 5 Crushing Strength (41:18- 50:00)

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1852

10.To determine the shatter and tumbler strength of given raw material (Iron ore, Lime stone)

(a) This video gives the introduction of Shatter Index and Tumbler Index testing equipment

(b) Shows the procedure of finding the Shatter and Tumbler Index.

PART 1 Introduction to Shatter & Tumbler Strength Equipment and Procedure

PART 2 Shatter Index Test

PART 3 Tumbler Test

PART 4 Results

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1853                         

11.To conduct the proximate analysis of given reductant (coal/coke/charcoal).

(a)This video shows gives the introduction of proximate anlaysis.

(b) Shows the procedure of finding the Proximate analysis (Moisture, Volatile matter, Ash and Fixed carbon).

PART 1 Introduction

PART 2 Proximate Analysis Procedure

PART 3 Drop Strength& Crushing Strength

PART 4 Experiment & Results

URI: http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1854

• Organised National Seminar on “Technological Advancement in Man-made Appliances of Rural Area(TAMAR)”, January 4-6, 2019 as Orgnasing Secretary in Main Workshop, Indian Institute of Technology(BHU), Varanasi.

• Played a key role as Local Advisory committee member of International Conference on Recent Advances in Composite Materials (ICRACM) -2019 by presenting the  Inauguration & Valedictory function of the conference and well organized the invited and technical lectures of the different sessions.

• Organised National Seminar on “National Workshop on Juagaad in Manufacturing (NWJM)”, January 8-9, 2011 as Orgnasing committee member in Main Workshop, Indian Institute of technology(BHU), Varanasi.

• Presented the Main Workshop with different technical models in the Centenary Celebration of IIT(BHU) 2019. As a key role member under the guidance of Prof. V.K. Srivastava, Prof. Inhcarge and Mentor of the event I encouraged the technical staff of Shri Karun Vishwakarma(fabricated Mini Atta Chakki), Shri Shree Kumar( fabricated Mini Rice paddy Cutter) and Ajay Kumar Yadav (fabricated Portable Omniversal Profile Cutting Machine for wood metal and stone) by Guided the Organised the MawinNational Seminar on “National Workshop on Jugaad in Manufacturing (NWJM)”, January 8-9, 2011 as Orgnasing committee member in Main Workshop, Indian Institute of technology(BHU), Varanasi.

• Member (2018),Internal Purchase Committee, Main workshop,  IIT (BHU), Varanasi.
• Deputy Centre superintendent(3^rd Feb.,2018) for the post of Junior Assisstant recruitment test in the Department  of Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engg., IIT(BHU), Varanasi.
• Deputy Centre superintendent(,2018) for the post of Junior Library Assisstant recruitment test in the Department  of Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engg., IIT(BHU), Varanasi.
• Member (2017) of the press and publicity committee, IIT (BHU), Varanasi.
• Member(2018)  of the Review Committee, Main workshop,  IIT (BHU), Varanasi
• Member(2019) of the Main Workshop, condemnation committee.
• Member(2023) of the organizing committee in an International Conference in Metallurgical Engineering and Centenary Celebrations (METCENT 2023)
• Member(2025) of the organizing committee in an 8th International Conference on Recent Advances in Composite Materials (ICRACM 2025) to be organized at IIT (BHU), Varanasi from 2nd-4th December 2025.

https://www.iitbhu.ac.in/contents/institute/2018/event/seminar/seminar_mainworkshop_tamar_4-6jan2019.pdf